Automatic arc welding equipment involves mechanical or electronic means of controlling welding conditions such as welding current, arc length, filler wire or electrode feed, and travel speeds. Movement and guidance of the electrode, torch or welding head along the line of weld can be similarly controlled.

The advantages of such equipment are numerous. A less experienced operator can handle the welding machine and produce satisfactory results. A smaller percentage of welding electrode is lost in stub ends. A much shorter arc is uniformly maintained by the automatic machine than is possible by a manual operator. A much higher current can be used with a given size of welding wire to produce better fusion. A much higher welding speed can be obtained. Welding is continuous from the beginning to the end of the seam, thereby eliminating intermediate craters unavoidable in manual work. The elimination of craters makes for a stronger, more homogenous, better weld for retaining liquids under pressure. Welding wire in coils for the automatic machine, though more expensive, provides for nearly continuous welding with either a-c or d-c automatic equipment.

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